02043nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158490000800227520137600235653001701611653002001628653001801648653001001666653001401676653001301690653001401703100001801717700002101735700001901756856005001775 2006 eng d00aEvolutionary history and patterns of differentiation among European Maniola butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae)0 aEvolutionary history and patterns of differentiation among Europ0 v1033 a

Phylogenetic relationships of European Maniola butterflies are reconstructed using molecular sequences from two regions
of the mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb). A total of 988 base pairs (486 for Cytb,
and 502 for COI) were aligned for 15 individuals of Maniola and an outgroup species. The phylogenetic tree obtained through
Bayesian inference analysis of the combined data sets shows evidence that the island endemic M. chia is indistinguishable from M.
jurtina on the basis of the mtDNA genes studied. Net nucleotide divergence between M. jurtina and M. chia is 0.4%, but 2%
between the M. jurtina and the M. nurag clade. A phenetically distinct entity of individuals from Sardinia appears to be a hybrid
between M. nurag and M. jurtina. The southern and northern European ecotypes of M. jurtina, which differ in the summer aestivation
period of the southern type, are not structured genetically at the level of coding mtDNA genes. Divergence time between M.
nurag and M. jurtina was estimated to be 1.1 to 1.2 million years. Speciation most likely took place in the early Pleistocene as a consequence
of the isolation of Sardinia, when the sea reflooded the Mediterranean basin after the Messinian crisis (about 5 million
years ago).

10aManiola chia10aManiola jurtina10aManiola nurag10amtDNA10aphylogeny10aSardinia10aSatyrinae1 aGrill, Andrea1 aGkiokia, Erasmia1 aAlvarez, Nadir uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/70102475nas a2200229 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201490000600270520171000276653001701986653001802003653001302021653002102034653001402055653001502069653002502084100002902109700002002138700001902158700001802177856005002195 2015 eng d00aTracing the radiation of Maniola (Nymphalidae) butterflies: new insights from phylogeography hint at one single incompletely differentiated species complex0 aTracing the radiation of Maniola Nymphalidae butterflies new ins0 v53 a

The use of DNA sequence data often leads to the recognition of cryptic species
within putatively well-known taxa. The opposite case, detecting less diversity
than originally described, has, however, far more rarely been documented.
Maniola jurtina, the Meadow Brown butterfly, occurs all over Europe, whereas
all other six species in the genus Maniola are restricted to the Mediterranean
area. Among them, three are island endemics on Sardinia, Cyprus, and Chios,
respectively. Maniola species are almost indistinguishable morphologically, and
hybridization seems to occur occasionally. To clarify species boundaries and
diversification history of the genus, we reconstructed the phylogeography and
phylogeny of all seven species within Maniola analyzing 138 individuals from
across its range using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers. Examination
of variation in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA surprisingly revealed a case of
taxonomic “oversplitting”. The topology of the recovered phylogenetic tree is
not consistent with accepted taxonomy, but rather reveals haplotype clades that
are incongruent with nominal species boundaries: instead of seven species, we
recognized only two major, yet incompletely segregated, lineages. Our results
are consistent with the hypothesis that Maniola originated in Africa. We suggest
that one lineage dispersed over the Strait of Gibraltar and the Iberian Peninsula
to the west of Europe, while the other lineage spreads eastward through Asia
Minor and over the Bosporus to Eastern Europe.

10aBiogeography10aDNA barcoding10aendemism10aexpansion routes10aphylogeny10aspeciation10aspecies delimitation1 aKreuzinger, Angelina, J.1 aFiedler, Konrad1 aLetsch, Harald1 aGrill, Andrea uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/695