@article {708, title = {Co-occurrence of three Aristolochia feeding Papilionids (Archon apollinus, Zerynthia polyxena and Zerynthia cerisy) in Greek Thrace}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {49}, year = {2015}, month = {5/2015}, abstract = {

Comparative studies of co-occurring species using overlapping resources may help
in understanding the mechanisms supporting biotic diversity in species-rich
regions, such as the Mediterranean region of Europe. Three Papilionidae butterflies,
Archon apollinus, Zerynthia cerisy and Zerynthia polyxena, develop on
Aristolochia plants and co-occur in Greek Thrace. We used mark\–recapture to
describe adult demography and dispersal, and searched for eggs and larvae to
assess host plants and microhabitat preferences. Adult flight timing followed a
sequence from earliest A. apollinus, through Z. polyxena to late Z. cerisy; this was
more prominent in 2010 (warm early spring) than in 2011 (cold delayed spring).
Population densities were highest for A. apollinus and lowest for Z. cerisy, whereas
dispersal ability followed a reverse pattern. Adults of all three species crossed
distances \> 3 km and used all habitat types present. Four Aristolochia host plants
were used at the study locality: small Aristolochia pallida, intermediate
Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia hirta, and bulky, late-sprouting
Aristolochia clematitis. Both A. apollinus and Z. polyxena used all four
Aristolochia species, the former preferring Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia
hirta, the latter Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia pallida. Zerynthia cerisy did
not use the early-growing Aristolochia pallida while frequently using the lategrowing
Aristolochia clematitis. Further parameters affecting oviposition were
biotope and canopy closure: early A. apollinus tolerated shady sites but late
Z. cerisy avoided them. The simultaneous use of several host plants differing in
phenology and habitat requirements, combined with rather high dispersal ability,
arguably buffers the butterflies\’ population dynamics against yearly variation in
weather, while allowing efficient occupation of the diverse Mediterranean landscapes.
The regional habitat diversity, created during millennia of human activity,
is currently threatened by land abandonment, which may diminish the resource
base for the studied butterflies.

}, keywords = {butterfly demography; dispersal; oviposition; Lepidoptera; Mediterranean region; phenology}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1006281}, author = {Jana Slancarova and Pavel Vrba and Michal Platek and Michal Zapletal and Lukas Spitzer and Martin Konvicka} } @book {689, title = {Synopsis of Papilio alexanor Esper, 1799 (An updated revue of its taxonomy and biology)}, year = {2004}, pages = {64}, publisher = {NATURA EDIZIONI SCIENTIFICHE}, organization = {NATURA EDIZIONI SCIENTIFICHE}, address = {Bologna}, author = {Maurizio Bollino and Giovanni Sala} } @article {686, title = {Phylogeography of Parnassius apollo: hints on taxonomy and conservation of a vulnerable glacial butterfly invader}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {101}, year = {2010}, chapter = {169}, abstract = {

Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) is probably the most renowned Eurasian montane butterfly. Its specialized
ecology makes it very sensitive to habitat and climate changes, so that it is now experiencing range contraction
and local extinction across most of its range. We sequenced 869 bp of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome
oxidase I gene in 78 P. apollo populations (201 individuals) in order to: (1) assess the phylogeographic pattern of
the species; (2) shed light on the historical biogeographic processes that shaped the distribution of the species; and
(3) identify geographic population units of special value for the conservation of the species\’ genetic diversity. Our
analyses revealed a very strong phylogeographic structure in P. apollo, which displays a number of distinctive
mtDNA lineages populating geographically distinct areas. Overall sequence divergence is relatively shallow, and
is consistent with a recent (late Pleistocene) colonization of most of the range. We propose that P. apollo is best
viewed as an atypical glacial invader in southern and western Europe, the isolated, montane populations of which,
threatened by climate warming, retain a large fraction of the species evolutionary heritage

}, keywords = {butterflies {\textendash} mtDNA {\textendash} Pleistocene.} } @article {641, title = {Ein Beitrag zur Biologie von Papilio alexanor maccabaeus Staudinger, 1882 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)}, journal = {GalatheaGalathea}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, year = {1991}, pages = {82-89}, keywords = {Papilio alexanor}, author = {K?stler W.} } @article {644, title = {Au?ergew?hnliche Raupenzeichnung bei einer Population von Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758) in Griechenland (Lesitse-Gebirge, Anatolische Rhodopen) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae, Parnassiinae)}, journal = {Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins ApolloNachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo}, volume = {NF34}, year = {2013}, pages = {105-107}, keywords = {Parnassius mnemosyne}, author = {K?stler W.} } @article {627, title = {Filogeografia in Parnassius apollo, Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)}, journal = {Dottorato in Ricerca in Biologia Evoluzionisticaed Ecologia XX ciclo. Universita Degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Rome ItalyDottorato in Ricerca in Biologia Evoluzionisticaed Ecologia XX ciclo. Universita Degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy}, year = {2008}, keywords = {Parnassius apollo}, author = {Todisco V.} } @article {533, title = {Les races geographiques de Parnassius apollo}, journal = {Fascicule 4. Editions Sciences Nat, Venette, Compiegne.Fascicule 4. Editions Sciences Nat, Venette, Compiegne.}, year = {1979}, keywords = {Parnassius apollo}, author = {Capdeville P.} } @article {472, title = {Zur Kenntnis der mazedonischen Unterarten von Parnassius mnemosyne L}, journal = {Entomologische Zeitschrift Frankf. a. MEntomologische Zeitschrift Frankf. a. M}, volume = {72}, year = {1962}, pages = {85-92, 96-108, 117-123}, keywords = {Parnassius mnemosyne}, author = {Sheljuzko L.} } @article {491, title = {Ueber einige wenig bekannte Formen von Parn. Apollo L.}, journal = {Societas entomologicaSocietas Entomologica}, year = {1913}, pages = {42-44}, keywords = {Parnassius apollo}, author = {R?hl M.} } @article {412, title = {Biology of Doritis apollinus Hbst. And its distribution in the Balkan Peninsula}, journal = {Spis. Bulg. Akad. NaukSpis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk}, volume = {12}, year = {1915}, pages = {15-36}, keywords = {Archon apollinus}, author = {Buresch I.} } @article {217, title = {Eine neue Subspecies von Papilio alexanor (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)}, journal = {Ent. Z. Frankfurt a.m.Ent. Z. Frankfurt a.m.}, volume = {9}, year = {1989}, pages = {300-302}, keywords = {Papilio alexanor}, author = {Schmidt E.} } @article {172, title = {Revision der Gattung Archon H?bner 1822 mit Angaben zur Biologie, Verbreitung, Morphologie und Systematik von Archon apollinus (Herbst 1798) und Archon apollinaris Staudinger [1892] 1891 (stat. nov.) (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)}, journal = {Nota LepidopterologicaNota Lepidopterologica}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, year = {1985}, pages = {97-128}, keywords = {Archon}, author = {Freina Josef J. de} } @article {112, title = {Parnassiana nova. IV. Kritische Revision der Gattung Parnassius (Fortsetzung 2). Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden)}, journal = {Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. LeidenZool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden}, volume = {33}, year = {1955}, pages = {122-156}, keywords = {Parnassius}, author = {Eisner C.} } @article {113, title = {Parnassiana 28: Nachtr?gliche Betrachtungen zu der Revision der Subfamilia Parnassiinae (Fortsetzung 1)}, journal = {Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. LeidenZool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden}, volume = {37}, year = {1960}, pages = {17-48}, keywords = {Parnassius}, author = {Eisner C.} } @article {114, title = {Parnassiana nova XLIX}, journal = {Zool. Verh.Zool. Verh.}, volume = {135}, year = {1974}, pages = {18-76}, keywords = {Parnassius}, author = {Eisner C.} } @article {115, title = {Parnassiana nova XLIX}, journal = {Zool. Verh.Zool. Verh.}, volume = {146}, year = {1976}, pages = {162}, keywords = {Parnassius}, author = {Eisner C.} } @article {64, title = {Die Papilionidae Griechenlands}, journal = {Ann. Mus. GoulandrisAnn. Mus. Goulandris}, volume = {1}, year = {1973}, pages = {239-244}, keywords = {Papilionidae}, author = {Koutsaftikis Athanassios} } @article {22, title = {The taxonomic status of the population of Zerynthia cerisy (Godart, [1824]) on the Greek island of Samos (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)}, journal = {PhegeaPhegea}, volume = {19}, number = {2}, year = {1991}, pages = {71-74}, keywords = {Zerynthia cerisy}, author = {Olivier A.} }