@article {723, title = {Species delimitation in the Grayling genus Pseudochazara (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) supported by DNA barcodes}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {600}, year = {2016}, month = {22.6.2016}, chapter = {131}, abstract = {

The Palaearctic Grayling genus Pseudochazara encompasses a number of petrophilous butterfly species,
most of which are local endemics especially in their centre of radiation in SW Asia and the Balkans. Due
to a lack of consistent morphological characters, coupled with habitat induced variability, their taxonomy
is poorly understood and species delimitation is hampered. We employed a DNA barcoding approach to
address the question of separate species status for several European taxa and provide first insight into the
phylogeny of the genus. Unexpectedly we found conflicting patterns with deep divergences between presumably
conspecific taxa and lack of divergence among well-defined species. We propose separate species
status for P. tisiphone, P. amalthea, P. amymone, and P. kermana all of which have separate well supported
clades, with the majority of them becoming local endemics. Lack of resolution in the \‘Mamurra\’ species
group with well-defined species (in terms of wing pattern and coloration) such as P. geyeri, P. daghestana
and P. alpina should be further explored using nuclear molecular markers with higher genetic resolution.

}, keywords = {barcoding, butterflies, Papilionoidea, phylogeny, Satyrinae, taxonomy}, doi = {doi: 10.3897/zookeys.600.7798}, author = {RUDI VEROVNIK and Martin Wiemers} } @article {714, title = {Multivariate analysis of male genital structures in the Hipparchia semele-muelleri-delattini complex (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the Balkans: how many taxa?}, journal = {Nota lepidopterologica}, volume = {27}, year = {2004}, chapter = {103}, abstract = {

Two closely related Hipparchia taxa, Hipparchia delattini Kudrna, 1975 and H. semele
muelleri Kudrna, 1975 have been described from the Balkans based on differences in male genital
structure, compared to each other and to another nominal European taxon (H. semele Linnaeus, 1758).
Subsequently, Kudrna (1977) synonymised both H. delattini and H. muelleri with H. volgensis
(Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952). Application of multivariate statistical techniques on male genital data
indicates a cline in several aspects of genital morphology linking these three taxa across Europe.
Although clusters are repeatedly found that correspond with the three taxa, it is not possible to ascribe
every individual specimen to one of the three Hipparchia taxa. Hipparchia muelleri is shown to occupy
an intermediate position between H. semele and H. delattini. Generally, H. delattini is present in an area
covering part of northern Greece and the central Balkans. H. semele is present in western Europe, the
Balkans and down the western side of Greece. However, individual specimens that classify to H. delattini
in the current analyses may occur much further west, where historically only H. semele has been, and
there appears to be a correlation between putative taxa and altitude with H. delattini occurring at higher
altitudes. It is suggested that genetic differentiation between these taxa has been maintained and enhanced
during glacial-interglacial cycles. The results of this study are discussed in relation to other morphological
characters and biogeography and require further testing with molecular data.

}, keywords = {Balkans, biometrics, genitalia, Hipparchia delattini, Hipparchia muelleri, Hipparchia semele, Hipparchia volgensis, Lepidoptera, numerical taxonomy., Nymphalidae, Satyrinae}, issn = {ISSN 0342-7536}, author = {Andrew Wakeham-Dawson and Predrag Jaksic and Jeremy D. Holloway and Roger L. H. Dennis} } @article {711, title = {Genetic differentiation of the marbled white butterfly, Melanargia galathea , accounts for glacial distribution patterns and postglacial range expansion in southeastern Europe}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {15}, year = {2006}, chapter = {1889}, abstract = {

Isolation of Mediterranean species in the southern European peninsulas during the cold
glacial phases often resulted in differentiation of several genetic lineages confined to the
respective peninsulas. However, whilst there is good genetic evidence for multiple refugia
in Iberia, there are only limited data available for the Balkans. Therefore, we wish to examine
the hypothesis of a strong genetic structuring within southeastern Europe for the existence
of multiple Balkan differentiation centres and/or several leading edges. As a model we use
the marbled white butterfly,
Melanargia galathea
. We studied 18 allozyme loci of 564 individuals
from 16 populations distributed over a large part of southeastern Europe. The single
populations showed moderately high genetic diversity and no northward decline of genetic
diversity was detected. The overall genetic differentiation between populations was considerable
(FST 7.0\%). Cluster analysis discriminated three genetic groups: (i) a western flank
in the former Yugoslavia, parts of eastern Austria and Hungary; (ii) an eastern flank with
populations from Bulgaria and Romania (south of the southern Carpathians and eastern
Carpathians); and (iii) the eastern Carpathian Basin. Hierarchical variance analysis distributed
53\% of the variance among populations between these three groups. One sample from the
Greek\–Bulgarian border clustered within the eastern flank, but showed some tendency
towards the eastern Carpathian Basin populations. Two populations from Carinthia clustered
together with the eastern Carpathian Basin ones and a population from Styria showed an
intermediate genetic composition between the three groups. Most probably, the eastern and
the western flank groups are due to postglacial range expansion from the northeastern and
the northwestern edges of the glacial differentiation centre (so-called leading edges). The
eastern Carpathian Basin group may have resulted from postglacial expansion from northern
Greece through valley systems of the central Balkan peninsula, maybe even expanding
westwards north of the Balkan mountains reaching some parts of eastern Austria (e.g. Carinthia).
Therefore, the Balkanic refugium of
M. galathea
may or may not have been continuous
along the coastal areas of the Mediterranean, but must have been strongly genetically structured.

}, keywords = {allozyme electrophoresis, genetic lineages, leading edge, Nymphalidae, Phylogeography, postglacial range expansion, Satyrinae, W{\"u}rm ice age}, doi = {doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02900.x}, author = {Thomas Schmitt and Jan Christian Habel and Marco Zimmermann and Paul Muller} } @article {701, title = {Evolutionary history and patterns of differentiation among European Maniola butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae)}, journal = {Eur. J. Entomol. }, volume = {103}, year = {2006}, chapter = {613}, abstract = {

Phylogenetic relationships of European Maniola butterflies are reconstructed using molecular sequences from two regions
of the mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb). A total of 988 base pairs (486 for Cytb,
and 502 for COI) were aligned for 15 individuals of Maniola and an outgroup species. The phylogenetic tree obtained through
Bayesian inference analysis of the combined data sets shows evidence that the island endemic M. chia is indistinguishable from M.
jurtina on the basis of the mtDNA genes studied. Net nucleotide divergence between M. jurtina and M. chia is 0.4\%, but 2\%
between the M. jurtina and the M. nurag clade. A phenetically distinct entity of individuals from Sardinia appears to be a hybrid
between M. nurag and M. jurtina. The southern and northern European ecotypes of M. jurtina, which differ in the summer aestivation
period of the southern type, are not structured genetically at the level of coding mtDNA genes. Divergence time between M.
nurag and M. jurtina was estimated to be 1.1 to 1.2 million years. Speciation most likely took place in the early Pleistocene as a consequence
of the isolation of Sardinia, when the sea reflooded the Mediterranean basin after the Messinian crisis (about 5 million
years ago).

}, keywords = {Maniola chia, Maniola jurtina, Maniola nurag, mtDNA, phylogeny, Sardinia, Satyrinae}, author = {Andrea Grill and Erasmia Gkiokia and Nadir Alvarez} } @article {699, title = {Die Larvalstadien von Proterebia afra pyramus (De Louker \& Dils, 1987) aus dem Norden Griechenlands. Larvalentwicklung der dalmatinischen P. afra dalmata (Godart, 1824) im Vergleich und zur Geschichte des Namens unserer Art (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Saty}, journal = {Entomologica romanica}, volume = {16}, year = {2011}, chapter = {5}, abstract = {

On 19.V.2004, 15 ova of P. afra from the Greek prefecture of Kozani (West Macedonia) arrived at D. Jutzeler\’s home;
they originated from a caged female collected by T. Lafranchis. In this study, the rearing of this material in Switzerland is documented
and compared with the results of the rearing of P. afra originating from Dalmatia (Croatia), carried out by P. Roos (1984).
The changes to both the specific and generic names, which have been used for this species, are traced back to the time of its discovery
in South Russia. Of the described subspecies of P. afra, the two Balkan races: ssp. pyramus (de Louker \& Dils, 1987) and ssp.
dalmata (Godart, 1824) are discussed in detail whereas the others are merely summarised.

}, keywords = {biology, details on ssp. pyramus and ssp. dalmata, discovery, distribution, generic and specific names, Greece, Kozani, local forms of P. afra, Proterebia afra, rearing, rearing of ssp. dalmata, Roos, Satyrinae, ssp. pyramus, taxonomy}, author = {David Jutzeler and Tristan Lafranchis} } @article {698, title = {Confirmation du rang sp{\'e}cifique d{\textquoteright}Hipparchia syriaca Staudinger (1871) par {\'e}levage et examen en Gr{\`e}ce du principe d{\textquoteright}exclusion d{\textquoteright}H. fagi et syriaca que Lorkovi{\'c} (1976) avait d{\'e}couvert en Dalmatie (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)}, journal = {Entomologica romanica}, volume = {14}, year = {2009}, chapter = {5}, abstract = {

Based on an examination of the genital armatures of both sexes and the hindwing underside pattern of ♀♀, Lorkovi{\'c}
(1976) demonstrated that Hipparchia syriaca should be considered as a distinct species separate from H. fagi, alcyone and genava.
This has been confirmed by the present study based on the rearing of H. syriaca from Dalmatia. Lorkovi{\'c} (1976) demonstrated that,
in Dalmatia, this species occupied a coastal strip extending up to 700m, from where H. fagi was absent. However, from a study of
the two species in Greece by T.L., the exclusion of the two species was not evident.

}, keywords = {biology of Hipparchia syriaca, Dalmatia, exclusion of syriaca and fagi, Greece, Lorkovi{\'c}, rearing, Satyrinae}, author = {David Jutzeler and Tristan Lafranchis and RUDI VEROVNIK and Guido Volpe} }