@article {688, title = {Mito-nuclear discordance helps to reveal the phylogeographic patterns of Melitaea ornata (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {121}, year = {2017}, chapter = {267}, keywords = {hybridization {\textendash} Last Glacial Maximum {\textendash} species distribution modelling {\textendash} Wolbachia}, author = {J. P. Toth and Z. Varga and R. Verovnik and N. Wahlberg and A. Varadi and J. Bereczki} } @article {687, title = {Dispersal, fragmentation, and isolation shape the phylogeography of the European lineages of Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) ripartii (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {109}, year = {2013}, chapter = {817}, abstract = {

Polyommatus ripartii is a biogeographically and taxonomically poorly understood species of butterfly with a
scattered distribution in Europe. Recently, it has been shown that this species includes several European endemic
and localized taxa (galloi, exuberans, agenjoi) that were previously considered species and even protected, a result
that poses further questions about the processes that led to its current distribution. We analysed mitochondrial
DNA and the morphology of P. ripartii specimens to study the phylogeography of European populations. Three
genetically differentiated but apparently synmorphic lineages occur in Europe that could be considered evolutionarily
significant units for conservation. Their strongly fragmented and counterintuitive distribution seems to be the
result of multiple range expansions and contractions along Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Remarkably, based on
the 79 specimens studied, these genetic lineages do not seem to extensively coexist in the distributional mosaic,
a phenomenon most evident in the Iberian Peninsula. One of the important gaps in the European distribution of
P. ripartii is reduced by the discovery of new Croatian populations, which also facilitate a better understanding of
the biogeography of the species.

}, keywords = {biogeography {\textendash} conservation {\textendash} distribution {\textendash} genetic lineages {\textendash} morphology {\textendash} postglacial expansion.}, author = {Vlad Dinca and Marten Runquist and Marten Nilsson and Roger Vila} } @article {686, title = {Phylogeography of Parnassius apollo: hints on taxonomy and conservation of a vulnerable glacial butterfly invader}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {101}, year = {2010}, chapter = {169}, abstract = {

Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) is probably the most renowned Eurasian montane butterfly. Its specialized
ecology makes it very sensitive to habitat and climate changes, so that it is now experiencing range contraction
and local extinction across most of its range. We sequenced 869 bp of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome
oxidase I gene in 78 P. apollo populations (201 individuals) in order to: (1) assess the phylogeographic pattern of
the species; (2) shed light on the historical biogeographic processes that shaped the distribution of the species; and
(3) identify geographic population units of special value for the conservation of the species\’ genetic diversity. Our
analyses revealed a very strong phylogeographic structure in P. apollo, which displays a number of distinctive
mtDNA lineages populating geographically distinct areas. Overall sequence divergence is relatively shallow, and
is consistent with a recent (late Pleistocene) colonization of most of the range. We propose that P. apollo is best
viewed as an atypical glacial invader in southern and western Europe, the isolated, montane populations of which,
threatened by climate warming, retain a large fraction of the species evolutionary heritage

}, keywords = {butterflies {\textendash} mtDNA {\textendash} Pleistocene.} } @article {685, title = {How common are dot-like distributions? Taxonomical oversplitting in western European Agrodiaetus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) revealed by chromosomal and molecular markers}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {101}, year = {2010}, chapter = {130}, abstract = {

Approximately 50 taxa of butterflies in Western Europe have been described as new species or elevated to the level
of species during the last 40 years. Many, especially those belonging to the genus Agrodiaetus, have unusually
localized, \‘dot-like\’ distributional ranges. In the present study, we use a combination of chromosomal and molecular
markers to re-evaluate the species status of Agrodiaetus distributed west of the 17th meridian. The results
obtained do not support the current designations of Agrodiaetus galloi, Agrodiaetus exuberans, and Agrodiaetus
agenjoi as endemic species with highly restricted distribution ranges, but indicate that these taxa are more likely
to be local populations of a widely distributed species, Agrodiaetus ripartii. Agrodiaetus violetae is shown to be a
polytypic species consisting of at least two subspecies, including Agrodiaetus violetae subbaeticus comb. nov. and
Agrodiaetus violetae violetae. Agrodiaetus violetae is genetically (but not chromosomally) distinct from Agrodiaetus
fabressei and has a wider distribution in southern Spain than previously believed. Agrodiaetus humedasae from
northern Italy is supported as a highly localized species that is distinct from its nearest relatives. We propose a
revision of the species lists for Agrodiaetus taking these new data into account. The results reported in the present
study are relevant to animal conservation efforts in Europe because of their implications for IUCN Red List
priorities.

}, keywords = {systematics {\textendash} species {\textendash} conservation {\textendash} distribution {\textendash} range {\textendash} reinforcement {\textendash} phylogeny.} } @article {684, title = {Varying rates of diversification in the genus Melitaea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) during the past 20 million years}, journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {97}, year = {2009}, chapter = {346}, abstract = {

The influence of Quarternary glacial cycles on the extant diversity of Holarctic species has been intensively studied.
It has been hypothesized that palaeoclimatic changes are responsible for divergence events in lineages. A constant
improvement in DNA sequencing and modeling methods, as well as palaeoclimatic reconstruction, permit a deeper
exploration of general causes of speciation in geological time. In the present study, we sampled, as exhaustively as
possible, the butterflies belonging to the genus Melitaea (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), which are widely spread in
the Palaearctic region. We conducted analyses to assess the phylogeny of the genus and estimated the timing of
divergence and the most likely distribution of ancestral populations. The results obtained indicate that the
systematics of the genus is in need of revision and that the diversity of the genus has been profoundly shaped by
palaeoenvironmental changes during its evolutionary history. The present study also emphasizes that, when
employed with caveats, major palaeoenvironmental events could represent very powerful tools for the calibration
of the dating of divergences using molecular data.

}, keywords = {colonization {\textendash} divergence time {\textendash} palaeoclimate {\textendash} speciation rate {\textendash} systematic}, author = {Julien Leveneu and Anton Chichvarkhin and Niklas Wahlberg} } @article {683, title = {Patterns of evolution and multidimensional systematics in graylings (Lepidoptera: Hipparchia)}, journal = {Biological journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {52}, year = {1994}, chapter = {101}, abstract = {

The difficult and controversial attribution of Hipparchia (Parahipparchia) populations to species or
subspecies rank led us to use a comparative, quantitative approach to clarify evolutionary and
taxonomic relationships among taxa. Seventeen populations from the Mediterranean area belonging
to nine presumptive species or subspecies were sampled, and multivariate analyses were employed to
study three character sets: allozymes, morphometric profiles of male genitalia, and quantitative
descriptors of wing pattern and shape. Comparative analyses of distance matrices, trees and
ordination patterns enabled us to outline evolutionary relationships among taxa and to assess the
relative value of each character set. Congruent relationships among taxa were obtained from
allozymes and male genital morphometrics, suggesting that divergence in genital morphology is a
fairly good marker of the overall genetic divergence. On the other hand, discordant results from
wing pattern descriptors suggest these might be subjected to different evolutionary trajectories and
rates because of their particular adaptive significance, and might not represent reliable tracers of
phylogeny.

}, keywords = {Evolution - speciation - systematics ~ allozymes - morphometry - butterfly male genitalia - butterfly wing pattern - multivariate analyses - graylings.}, author = {Donatella Cesaroni and Marco Lucarelli and Paola Allori and Francesca Russo and Valerio Sbordoni} }