02409nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152490000800221520184500229653002502074653001602099653001502115653001902130100002102149700001902170856005002189 2007 eng d00aThe effects of Pleistocene glaciations on the phylogeography of Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)0 aeffects of Pleistocene glaciations on the phylogeography of Meli0 v1043 a

Partial (600 bp) sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were used to infer the phylogeography of
Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) across the entire distributional range of the species, encompassing north Africa and
Eurasia. Cladistic analysis of 49 distinct haplotypes (haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.95 and 0.027, respectively) revealed
strong phylogeographic structure in M. cinxia, characterised by four major clades: Morocco; Western (Iberia, France, Italy); Central
(central and northern Western Europe, Balkans, Greece, Anatolia, Levant); and Eastern (eastern Baltic, Urals, Iran, Siberia, China);
separated by average pairwise distances of beween 2 and 6 percent. This pattern is consistent with the location of southern glacial
refugia in the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas, as well as multiple eastern refugia. The Western clade is further structured into
south-central Iberian, northern Iberian (and French) and southern Italian sub-clades; and the Eastern clade into Near Eastern and Far
Eastern sub-clades; with weaker phylogeographical concordance within the Central clade, except for a large area in central and
northern Western Europe which is monomorphic for COI haplotype. The Baltic and eastern Europe have been primarily colonized
by the Far Eastern sub-clade, rather than the Central (Balkan) clade, highlighting the importance of including Near and Far Eastern
populations in phylogeographic studies of Palearctic species. Maps showing the extent of clades and sub-clades suggest several
regions of secondary contact and possible hybridization. Interspecific comparison of representative M. cinxia haplotypes supports a
monophyletic origin of all M. cinxia.

10acytochrome oxidase I10aLepidoptera10aPalearctic10aPhylogeography1 aWahlberg, Niklas1 aSaccheri, Ilik uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/702