02802nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001900041245016300060210006900223490000700292520185900299653001202158653001502170653001402185653002502199653002402224653002202248653002502270653001602295653002402311653001602335653001402351100002702365700002002392700002502412700002502437856005002462 2004 eng d aISSN 0342-753600aMultivariate analysis of male genital structures in the Hipparchia semele-muelleri-delattini complex (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the Balkans: how many taxa?0 aMultivariate analysis of male genital structures in the Hipparch0 v273 a

Two closely related Hipparchia taxa, Hipparchia delattini Kudrna, 1975 and H. semele
muelleri Kudrna, 1975 have been described from the Balkans based on differences in male genital
structure, compared to each other and to another nominal European taxon (H. semele Linnaeus, 1758).
Subsequently, Kudrna (1977) synonymised both H. delattini and H. muelleri with H. volgensis
(Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952). Application of multivariate statistical techniques on male genital data
indicates a cline in several aspects of genital morphology linking these three taxa across Europe.
Although clusters are repeatedly found that correspond with the three taxa, it is not possible to ascribe
every individual specimen to one of the three Hipparchia taxa. Hipparchia muelleri is shown to occupy
an intermediate position between H. semele and H. delattini. Generally, H. delattini is present in an area
covering part of northern Greece and the central Balkans. H. semele is present in western Europe, the
Balkans and down the western side of Greece. However, individual specimens that classify to H. delattini
in the current analyses may occur much further west, where historically only H. semele has been, and
there appears to be a correlation between putative taxa and altitude with H. delattini occurring at higher
altitudes. It is suggested that genetic differentiation between these taxa has been maintained and enhanced
during glacial-interglacial cycles. The results of this study are discussed in relation to other morphological
characters and biogeography and require further testing with molecular data.

10aBalkans10abiometrics10agenitalia10aHipparchia delattini10aHipparchia muelleri10aHipparchia semele10aHipparchia volgensis10aLepidoptera10anumerical taxonomy.10aNymphalidae10aSatyrinae1 aWakeham-Dawson, Andrew1 aJaksic, Predrag1 aHolloway, Jeremy, D.1 aDennis, Roger, L. H. uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/71403459nas a2200241 4500008004100000245018000041210006900221490000700290520261900297653002902916653002102945653001702966653001602983653001902999653003203018653001403050653001803064100002003082700002603102700002203128700001703150856005003167 2006 eng d00aGenetic differentiation of the marbled white butterfly, Melanargia galathea , accounts for glacial distribution patterns and postglacial range expansion in southeastern Europe0 aGenetic differentiation of the marbled white butterfly Melanargi0 v153 a

Isolation of Mediterranean species in the southern European peninsulas during the cold
glacial phases often resulted in differentiation of several genetic lineages confined to the
respective peninsulas. However, whilst there is good genetic evidence for multiple refugia
in Iberia, there are only limited data available for the Balkans. Therefore, we wish to examine
the hypothesis of a strong genetic structuring within southeastern Europe for the existence
of multiple Balkan differentiation centres and/or several leading edges. As a model we use
the marbled white butterfly,
Melanargia galathea
. We studied 18 allozyme loci of 564 individuals
from 16 populations distributed over a large part of southeastern Europe. The single
populations showed moderately high genetic diversity and no northward decline of genetic
diversity was detected. The overall genetic differentiation between populations was considerable
(FST 7.0%). Cluster analysis discriminated three genetic groups: (i) a western flank
in the former Yugoslavia, parts of eastern Austria and Hungary; (ii) an eastern flank with
populations from Bulgaria and Romania (south of the southern Carpathians and eastern
Carpathians); and (iii) the eastern Carpathian Basin. Hierarchical variance analysis distributed
53% of the variance among populations between these three groups. One sample from the
Greek–Bulgarian border clustered within the eastern flank, but showed some tendency
towards the eastern Carpathian Basin populations. Two populations from Carinthia clustered
together with the eastern Carpathian Basin ones and a population from Styria showed an
intermediate genetic composition between the three groups. Most probably, the eastern and
the western flank groups are due to postglacial range expansion from the northeastern and
the northwestern edges of the glacial differentiation centre (so-called leading edges). The
eastern Carpathian Basin group may have resulted from postglacial expansion from northern
Greece through valley systems of the central Balkan peninsula, maybe even expanding
westwards north of the Balkan mountains reaching some parts of eastern Austria (e.g. Carinthia).
Therefore, the Balkanic refugium of
M. galathea
may or may not have been continuous
along the coastal areas of the Mediterranean, but must have been strongly genetically structured.

10aallozyme electrophoresis10agenetic lineages10aleading edge10aNymphalidae10aPhylogeography10apostglacial range expansion10aSatyrinae10aWürm ice age1 aSchmitt, Thomas1 aHabel, Jan, Christian1 aZimmermann, Marco1 aMuller, Paul uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/711