02616nas a2200205 4500008004100000245015900041210006900200490000700269520189400276653002002170653002802190653002202218653001902240653002302259653002302282100001602305700002302321700001602344856005002360 2011 eng d00aA combined genetic-morphometric analysis unravels the complex biogeographical history of Polyommatus icarus and Polyommatus celina Common Blue butterflies0 acombined geneticmorphometric analysis unravels the complex bioge0 v203 a

Widespread species have the potential to reveal large-scale biogeographical patterns, as
well as responses to environmental changes possibly unique to habitat generalists. This
study presents a continental-scale phylogeographical analysis of Polyommatus icarus,
one of the most common Palaearctic butterflies, and the morphologically and ecologically
similar Polyommatus celina, a recently discovered cryptic species. By combining data
from mitochondrial [cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI)] and nuclear [internal
transcribed spacer (ITS2)] molecular markers with geometric morphometrics, we
document a complex phylogeographical history for the two species. Despite morphological
similarities, the genetic divergence between these two species is high (more than
5% at COI) and they are not sister species. For the first time, we show that P. celina
occurs not only in North Africa but also in Europe, where it inhabits several west
Mediterranean islands, as well as large parts of Iberia, where it occurs in parapatry with
P. icarus. The two species appear to completely exclude each other on islands, but we
provide morphological and molecular evidence that introgression occurred in the Iberian
Peninsula. We discovered strongly diverged lineages that seem to represent relict
populations produced by past range expansions and contractions: Crete and Iberian
isolates for P. icarus, Balearics–Sardinia and Sicily–Lipari for P. celina. This study
shows that a combined genetic-morphometric approach can shed light on cryptic
diversity while providing the necessary resolution to reconstruct a fine-scale phylogeographical
history of species at both spatial and temporal levels.

10acryptic species10ageometric morphometrics10amolecular markers10aPhylogeography10aPolyommatus celina10aPolyommatus icarus1 aDinca, Vlad1 aDapporto, Leonardo1 aVila, Roger uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/71203386nas a2200289 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171490000700240520249000247653001602737653001702753653001502770653000802785653001702793653002002810653001602830653000902846653001402855653002502869653003402894653002202928653001302950100002802963700002802991700002703019856005003046 2016 eng d00aKaryosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Balkan Peninsula0 aKaryosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue bu0 v103 a

The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the hottest biodiversity spots in Europe. However, the invertebrate
fauna of this region is still insufficiently investigated, even in respect of such well-studied organisms as
Lepidoptera. Here we use a combination of chromosomal, molecular and morphological markers to rearrange
the group of so-called anomalous blue butterflies (also known as ‘brown complex’ of the subgenus
Agrodiaetus Hübner, [1822] and as the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) admetus (Esper, 1783) species group)
and to reveal its cryptic taxonomic structure. We demonstrate that P. aroaniensis (Brown, 1976) is not as
widespread in the Balkans as was previously thought. In fact, it has a dot-like distribution range restricted
to the Peloponnese Peninsula in South Greece. Polyommatus orphicus Kolev, 2005 is not as closely related
to the Turkish species P. dantchenkoi (Lukhtanov & Wiemers, 2003) as was supposed earlier. Instead, it
is a Balkan endemic represented by two subspecies: P. orphicus orphicus (Bulgaria) and P. orphicus eleniae
Coutsis & De Prins, 2005 (Northern Greece). Polyommatus ripartii (Freyer, 1830) is represented in the
Balkans by an endemic subspecies P. ripartii pelopi. The traditionally recognized P. admetus (Esper, 1783) is
shown to be a heterogeneous complex and is divided into Polyommatus admetus sensu stricto (the Balkans
and west Turkey) and P. yeranyani (Dantchenko & Lukhtanov, 2005) (east Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan
and Iran). Polyommatus nephohiptamenos (Brown & Coutsis, 1978) is confirmed to be a species with a dotlike
distribution range in Northern Greece. Finally, from Central Greece (Timfristos and Parnassos moun-tains) we describe Polyommatus timfristos Lukhtanov, Vishnevskaya & Shapoval, sp. n. which differs by its

haploid chromosome number (n=38) from the closely related and morphologically similar P. aroaniensis
(n=47-48) and P. orphicus (n=41-42). We provide chromosomal evidence for three separate south Balkan
Pleistocene refugia (Peloponnesse, Central Greece and Northern Greece/South Bulgaria) and stress the
biogeographic importance of Central Greece as a place of diversification. Then we argue that the data
obtained have direct implications for butterfly karyology, taxonomy, biogeography and conservation.

10aAgrodiaetus10abiodiversity10achromosome10aCOI10aconservation10acryptic species10aDNA barcode10aITS210akaryotype10amitochondrial marker10aPolyommatus timfristos sp. n.10aprotected species10ared list1 aVishnevskaya, Maria, S.1 aLukhtanov, Vladimir, A.1 aSaifitdinova, Alsu, F. uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/70403346nas a2200289 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171490000700240520245000247653001602697653001702713653001502730653000802745653001702753653002002770653001602790653000902806653001402815653002502829653003402854653002202888653001302910100002802923700002702951700002802978856005003006 2016 eng d00aKaryosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from the Balkan Peninsula0 aKaryosystematics and molecular taxonomy of the anomalous blue bu0 v103 a

The Balkan Peninsula represents one of the hottest biodiversity spots in Europe. However, the invertebrate
fauna of this region is still insufficiently investigated, even in respect of such well-studied organisms as
Lepidoptera. Here we use a combination of chromosomal, molecular and morphological markers to rearrange
the group of so-called anomalous blue butterflies (also known as ‘brown complex’ of the subgenus
Agrodiaetus Hübner, [1822] and as the Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) admetus (Esper, 1783) species group)
and to reveal its cryptic taxonomic structure. We demonstrate that P. aroaniensis (Brown, 1976) is not as
widespread in the Balkans as was previously thought. In fact, it has a dot-like distribution range restricted
to the Peloponnese Peninsula in South Greece. Polyommatus orphicus Kolev, 2005 is not as closely related
to the Turkish species P. dantchenkoi (Lukhtanov & Wiemers, 2003) as was supposed earlier. Instead, it
is a Balkan endemic represented by two subspecies: P. orphicus orphicus (Bulgaria) and P. orphicus eleniae
Coutsis & De Prins, 2005 (Northern Greece). Polyommatus ripartii (Freyer, 1830) is represented in the
Balkans by an endemic subspecies P. ripartii pelopi. The traditionally recognized P. admetus (Esper, 1783) is
shown to be a heterogeneous complex and is divided into Polyommatus admetus sensu stricto (the Balkans
and west Turkey) and P. yeranyani (Dantchenko & Lukhtanov, 2005) (east Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan
and Iran). Polyommatus nephohiptamenos (Brown & Coutsis, 1978) is confirmed to be a species with a dotlike
distribution range in Northern Greece. Finally, from Central Greece (Timfristos and Parnassos moun-tains) we describe Polyommatus timfristos Lukhtanov, Vishnevskaya & Shapoval, sp. n. which differs by its haploid chromosome number (n=38) from the closely related and morphologically similar P. aroaniensis (n=47-48) and P. orphicus (n=41-42). We provide chromosomal evidence for three separate south Balkan Pleistocene refugia (Peloponnesse, Central Greece and Northern Greece/South Bulgaria) and stress the biogeographic importance of Central Greece as a place of diversification. Then we argue that the data obtained have direct implications for butterfly karyology, taxonomy, biogeography and conservation.

10aAgrodiaetus10abiodiversity10achromosome10aCOI10aconservation10acryptic species10aDNA barcode10aITS210akaryotype10amitochondrial marker10aPolyommatus timfristos sp. n.10aprotected species10ared list1 aVishnevskaya, Maria, S.1 aSaifitdinova, Alsu, F.1 aLukhtanov, Vladimir, A. uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/694