02802nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001900041245016300060210006900223490000700292520185900299653001202158653001502170653001402185653002502199653002402224653002202248653002502270653001602295653002402311653001602335653001402351100002702365700002002392700002502412700002502437856005002462 2004 eng d aISSN 0342-753600aMultivariate analysis of male genital structures in the Hipparchia semele-muelleri-delattini complex (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the Balkans: how many taxa?0 aMultivariate analysis of male genital structures in the Hipparch0 v273 a

Two closely related Hipparchia taxa, Hipparchia delattini Kudrna, 1975 and H. semele
muelleri Kudrna, 1975 have been described from the Balkans based on differences in male genital
structure, compared to each other and to another nominal European taxon (H. semele Linnaeus, 1758).
Subsequently, Kudrna (1977) synonymised both H. delattini and H. muelleri with H. volgensis
(Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952). Application of multivariate statistical techniques on male genital data
indicates a cline in several aspects of genital morphology linking these three taxa across Europe.
Although clusters are repeatedly found that correspond with the three taxa, it is not possible to ascribe
every individual specimen to one of the three Hipparchia taxa. Hipparchia muelleri is shown to occupy
an intermediate position between H. semele and H. delattini. Generally, H. delattini is present in an area
covering part of northern Greece and the central Balkans. H. semele is present in western Europe, the
Balkans and down the western side of Greece. However, individual specimens that classify to H. delattini
in the current analyses may occur much further west, where historically only H. semele has been, and
there appears to be a correlation between putative taxa and altitude with H. delattini occurring at higher
altitudes. It is suggested that genetic differentiation between these taxa has been maintained and enhanced
during glacial-interglacial cycles. The results of this study are discussed in relation to other morphological
characters and biogeography and require further testing with molecular data.

10aBalkans10abiometrics10agenitalia10aHipparchia delattini10aHipparchia muelleri10aHipparchia semele10aHipparchia volgensis10aLepidoptera10anumerical taxonomy.10aNymphalidae10aSatyrinae1 aWakeham-Dawson, Andrew1 aJaksic, Predrag1 aHolloway, Jeremy, D.1 aDennis, Roger, L. H. uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/71402409nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152490000800221520184500229653002502074653001602099653001502115653001902130100002102149700001902170856005002189 2007 eng d00aThe effects of Pleistocene glaciations on the phylogeography of Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)0 aeffects of Pleistocene glaciations on the phylogeography of Meli0 v1043 a

Partial (600 bp) sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were used to infer the phylogeography of
Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) across the entire distributional range of the species, encompassing north Africa and
Eurasia. Cladistic analysis of 49 distinct haplotypes (haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.95 and 0.027, respectively) revealed
strong phylogeographic structure in M. cinxia, characterised by four major clades: Morocco; Western (Iberia, France, Italy); Central
(central and northern Western Europe, Balkans, Greece, Anatolia, Levant); and Eastern (eastern Baltic, Urals, Iran, Siberia, China);
separated by average pairwise distances of beween 2 and 6 percent. This pattern is consistent with the location of southern glacial
refugia in the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas, as well as multiple eastern refugia. The Western clade is further structured into
south-central Iberian, northern Iberian (and French) and southern Italian sub-clades; and the Eastern clade into Near Eastern and Far
Eastern sub-clades; with weaker phylogeographical concordance within the Central clade, except for a large area in central and
northern Western Europe which is monomorphic for COI haplotype. The Baltic and eastern Europe have been primarily colonized
by the Far Eastern sub-clade, rather than the Central (Balkan) clade, highlighting the importance of including Near and Far Eastern
populations in phylogeographic studies of Palearctic species. Maps showing the extent of clades and sub-clades suggest several
regions of secondary contact and possible hybridization. Interspecific comparison of representative M. cinxia haplotypes supports a
monophyletic origin of all M. cinxia.

10acytochrome oxidase I10aLepidoptera10aPalearctic10aPhylogeography1 aWahlberg, Niklas1 aSaccheri, Ilik uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/702