00422nam a2200121 4500008004100000020002200041245005600063210005600119260003300175300000700208100003500215856005000250 2013 eng d a978-960-9779-03-600aΟι Πεταλούδες της Ηρακλειάς0 aΟι Πεταλούδες της Ηρακλειάς aAthensbWild Greece Editions a671 aΓαβαλάς, Γιάννης uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/72802553nas a2200145 4500008004100000245015400041210006900195490000700264520199900271100002102270700002802291700002202319700001602341856005002357 2013 eng d00aEstablishing criteria for higher-level classification using molecular data: the systematics of Polyommatus blue butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)0 aEstablishing criteria for higherlevel classification using molec0 v293 a

Most taxonomists agree on the need to adapt current classifications to recognize monophyletic units. However, delineations
between higher taxonomic units can be based on the relative ages of different lineages and ⁄ or the level of morphological
differentiation. In this paper, we address these issues in considering the species-rich Polyommatus section, a group of butterflies
whose taxonomy has been highly controversial. We propose a taxonomy-friendly, flexible temporal scheme for higher-level
classification. Using molecular data from nine markers (6666 bp) for 104 representatives of the Polyommatus section, representing
all but two of the 81 described genera ⁄ subgenera and five outgroups, we obtained a complete and well resolved phylogeny for this
clade. We use this to revise the systematics of the Polyommatus blues, and to define criteria that best accommodate the described
genera within a phylogenetic framework. First, we normalize the concept of section (Polyommatus) and propose the use of subtribe
(Polyommatina) instead. To preserve taxonomic stability and traditionally recognized taxa, we designate an age interval (4–5 Myr)
instead of a fixed minimum age to define genera. The application of these criteria results in the retention of 31 genera of the 81
formally described generic names, and necessitates the description of one new genus (Rueckbeilia gen. nov.). We note that while
classifications should be based on phylogenetic data, applying a rigid universal scheme is rarely feasible. Ideally, taxon age limits
should be applied according to the particularities and pre-existing taxonomy of each group. We demonstrate that the concept of a
morphological gap may be misleading at the genus level and can produce polyphyletic genera, and we propose that recognition of
the existence of cryptic genera may be useful in taxonomy.

1 aTalavera, Gerard1 aLukhtanov, Vladimir, A.1 aPierce, Naomi, E.1 aVila, Roger uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/69302050nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015800041210006900199490000800268520137900276653011401655100001601769700002101785700002001806700001601826856005001842 2013 eng d00aDispersal, fragmentation, and isolation shape the phylogeography of the European lineages of Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) ripartii (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)0 aDispersal fragmentation and isolation shape the phylogeography o0 v1093 a

Polyommatus ripartii is a biogeographically and taxonomically poorly understood species of butterfly with a
scattered distribution in Europe. Recently, it has been shown that this species includes several European endemic
and localized taxa (galloi, exuberans, agenjoi) that were previously considered species and even protected, a result
that poses further questions about the processes that led to its current distribution. We analysed mitochondrial
DNA and the morphology of P. ripartii specimens to study the phylogeography of European populations. Three
genetically differentiated but apparently synmorphic lineages occur in Europe that could be considered evolutionarily
significant units for conservation. Their strongly fragmented and counterintuitive distribution seems to be the
result of multiple range expansions and contractions along Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Remarkably, based on
the 79 specimens studied, these genetic lineages do not seem to extensively coexist in the distributional mosaic,
a phenomenon most evident in the Iberian Peninsula. One of the important gaps in the European distribution of
P. ripartii is reduced by the discovery of new Croatian populations, which also facilitate a better understanding of
the biogeography of the species.

10abiogeography – conservation – distribution – genetic lineages – morphology – postglacial expansion.1 aDinca, Vlad1 aRunquist, Marten1 aNilsson, Marten1 aVila, Roger uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/687