03740nas a2200313 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151260001700220490000700237520281700244653001703061653000803078653002603086653001203112653000903124653001603133653002003149653002303169653001803192653002003210100003003230700001703260700001703277700002103294700002103315700002403336700001603360856005003376 2011 eng d00aTracing the origin of disjunct distributions: a case of biogeographical convergence in Pyrgus butterflies0 aTracing the origin of disjunct distributions a case of biogeogra cOctober 20110 v383 a

Aim To study the biogeographical factors responsible for the current disjunct
distributions of two closely related species of butterflies (Pyrgus cinarae and
Pyrgus sidae, Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Both species have small populations in
the Iberian Peninsula that are isolated by more than 1000 km from their nearest
conspecifics. Because these species possess similar ecological preferences and
geographical distributions, they are excellent candidates for congruent
biogeographical histories.
Location The Palaearctic region, with a special focus on the Mediterranean
peninsulas as glacial refugia.
Methods We integrated phylogeography and population genetic analyses with
ecological niche modelling. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase
subunit 1 (COI) and the non-coding nuclear marker internal transcribed spacer 2
(ITS2) were analysed for 62 specimens of P. cinarae and for 80 of P. sidae to infer
phylogeography and to date the origin of disjunct distributions. Current and
ancestral [Last Glacial Maximum using MIROC (Model for Interdisciplinary
Research on Climate) and CCSM (Community Climate System Model)
circulation models] distribution models were calculated with Maxent. Using
present climatic conditions, we delimited the ecological space for each species.
Results The genetic structure and potential ancestral distribution of the two
species were markedly different. While the Iberian population of P. cinarae had an
old origin (c. 1 Ma), that of P. sidae was closely related to French and Italian
lineages (which jointly diverged from eastern populations c. 0.27 Ma). Ecological
niche modelling showed that minor differences in the ecological preferences of
the two species seem to account for their drastically different distributional
response to the last glacial to post-glacial environmental conditions. Although the
potential distribution of P. cinarae was largely unaffected by climate change,
suitable habitat for P. sidae strongly shifted in both elevation and latitude. This
result might explain the early origin of the disjunct distribution of P. cinarae, in
contrast to the more recent disjunction of P. sidae.
Main conclusions We show that convergent biogeographical patterns can be
analysed with a combination of genetic and ecological niche modelling data. The
results demonstrate that species with similar distributional patterns and ecology
may still have different biogeographical histories, highlighting the importance of
including the temporal dimension when studying biogeographical patterns.

10aBiogeography10aCOI10adisjunct distribution10aecology10aITS210aLepidoptera10aniche modelling10aPalaearctic region10apalaeoclimate10aphylogeography.1 aHernandez-Roldan, Juan, L1 aMurria, Cesc1 aRomo, Helena1 aTalavera, Gerard1 aZakharov, Evgeny1 aHebert, Paul, D. N.1 aVila, Roger uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/70502475nas a2200229 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201490000600270520171000276653001701986653001802003653001302021653002102034653001402055653001502069653002502084100002902109700002002138700001902158700001802177856005002195 2015 eng d00aTracing the radiation of Maniola (Nymphalidae) butterflies: new insights from phylogeography hint at one single incompletely differentiated species complex0 aTracing the radiation of Maniola Nymphalidae butterflies new ins0 v53 a

The use of DNA sequence data often leads to the recognition of cryptic species
within putatively well-known taxa. The opposite case, detecting less diversity
than originally described, has, however, far more rarely been documented.
Maniola jurtina, the Meadow Brown butterfly, occurs all over Europe, whereas
all other six species in the genus Maniola are restricted to the Mediterranean
area. Among them, three are island endemics on Sardinia, Cyprus, and Chios,
respectively. Maniola species are almost indistinguishable morphologically, and
hybridization seems to occur occasionally. To clarify species boundaries and
diversification history of the genus, we reconstructed the phylogeography and
phylogeny of all seven species within Maniola analyzing 138 individuals from
across its range using mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers. Examination
of variation in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA surprisingly revealed a case of
taxonomic “oversplitting”. The topology of the recovered phylogenetic tree is
not consistent with accepted taxonomy, but rather reveals haplotype clades that
are incongruent with nominal species boundaries: instead of seven species, we
recognized only two major, yet incompletely segregated, lineages. Our results
are consistent with the hypothesis that Maniola originated in Africa. We suggest
that one lineage dispersed over the Strait of Gibraltar and the Iberian Peninsula
to the west of Europe, while the other lineage spreads eastward through Asia
Minor and over the Bosporus to Eastern Europe.

10aBiogeography10aDNA barcoding10aendemism10aexpansion routes10aphylogeny10aspeciation10aspecies delimitation1 aKreuzinger, Angelina, J.1 aFiedler, Konrad1 aLetsch, Harald1 aGrill, Andrea uhttps://lepidopteragr.myspecies.info/node/695